Genetics of African Hunter-Gatherer Groups! ❌
Data on Khoisan, Pygmy, Hadza, Sandawe and other relevant groups will be here.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adh3822
Y-Chromosome Data
Genetic structure and sex‐biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations - PMC (nih.gov)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504844/
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-019-1679-2
mtDNA data
A lack of L0f in Khoisan, it was attributed to back migration of pastoralists.
Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations (ubc.ca)
Autosomal Data
https://www.dhushara.com/paradoxhtm/sppdf/culture.pdf
https://www.dhushara.com/paradoxhtm/culture.htm
Genetic Ancestry of Hadza and Sandawe Peoples Reveals Ancient Population Structure in Africa | Genome Biology and Evolution | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
“Hunting and gathering was the only lifeway practiced in southern Africa until approximately 2000 years ago. Previous studies have suggested that at that time, a herding group of East African origin introduced herding practices and livestock into southern Africa and admixed with local hunter-gatherer groups to form what became known as the Khoekhoe populations. This group of East African origin was an already admixed group with both East African and Eurasian genetic components (69% East African and 31% Eurasian ancestry), comparable to the present-day Amhara and Oromo groups from Ethiopia. The East African migration into southern Africa was shortly followed by an independent and separate agro-pastoral migration into the region, the Bantu expansion, which introduced a West African genetic component into southern Africa.”
Male-biased migration from East Africa introduced pastoralism into southern Africa - PMC (nih.gov)
Researchers find signs of western Eurasian genes in southern African Khoisan tribes (phys.org)
Genome-wide variation in the Angolan Namib Desert reveals unique pre-Bantu ancestry - PMC (nih.gov)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5863221/
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/145409v1
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao6266
Admixture graph adding ancient individuals from Taforalt in Morocco associated with the Iberomaurusian culture (922k SNPs covered). Branch lengths (in units of squared allele frequency divergence) are rounded to the nearest integer. All f-statistics relating the populations are predicted to within 2.7 standard errors of their observed values. Taforalt is modeled as admixed with 46% ancestry from the non-African lineage (most closely related to the source for ancestry in Agaw) and 54% from a source splitting at an intermediate position between East and West Africans.
Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history - PMC (nih.gov)
In 2024,
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01891-y
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867423001010
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